Where do early stage larvae of wood-infesting insects typically tunnel?

Early stage larvae of wood-infesting insects, such as those from beetles and termites, typically tunnel near the surface of structural wood. At this stage, the larvae are often more focused on finding suitable feeding materials and creating a conducive environment for their development, which means they tend to stay close to the outer areas of the wood where they can access nutrients. This surface tunneling allows them to benefit from the cellulose-rich material found in the wood while also enabling easier access to air and moisture, which are crucial for their survival and growth.

Tunneling deep inside structural wood is more characteristic of later stage larvae or mature insects that require more stability and protection. Soil often serves as a home for certain insects but is not where larvae of wood-infesting insects typically tunnel. Lastly, vacuum-sealed environments are not a natural habitat for these larvae, as they require access to wood for feeding. Therefore, the behavior of early stage larvae aligns well with tunneling near the surface of structural wood, making this the most accurate answer.